At very low doses, the probability of stochastic effects is:

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Multiple Choice

At very low doses, the probability of stochastic effects is:

Explanation:
Stochastic effects are probabilistic in nature: the chance of an effect, like cancer, grows with dose but there isn’t a sharp cutoff. At very low doses, the chance of such an effect for any given person is small but not zero, so it’s best described as unlikely. We can estimate population risk, but we can’t predict for an individual who will be affected. Since there is nonzero risk even at tiny doses, the option describing the probability as unlikely fits best, rather than saying it’s zero or highly unlikely or that it’s predictable.

Stochastic effects are probabilistic in nature: the chance of an effect, like cancer, grows with dose but there isn’t a sharp cutoff. At very low doses, the chance of such an effect for any given person is small but not zero, so it’s best described as unlikely. We can estimate population risk, but we can’t predict for an individual who will be affected. Since there is nonzero risk even at tiny doses, the option describing the probability as unlikely fits best, rather than saying it’s zero or highly unlikely or that it’s predictable.

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